Mineral-filled materials, such as those incorporating calcium carbonate and talc, are used to enhance the mechanical strength, stiffness, and thermal properties of polymers. These common inorganic fillers improve the functional performance of polymer composites, making them suitable for various applications. While calcium carbonate and talc share some similarities, their distinct properties—such as differing effects on rigidity and heat resistance—set them apart, influencing their specific uses. Understanding these differences is key to selecting the appropriate filler for a given application. By optimizing filler content, surface modification, and polymer matrix composition, manufacturers can develop high-performance composites with superior mechanical, thermal, and functional characteristics.